《印度对华战争》节选The war between India and China 1
ssgr > 07-30-2018, 05:37 AM
One, western section
According to the logic of power politics, the Empire in the period of expansion is always expanding its frontier, until it meets the resistance of a powerful neighbour, or the barrier of the danger, or the power consumption that is pushed forward. In eighteen and nineteenth Century, in India, Britain expanded its rule on the peninsula shaped subcontinent and expanded to the big arc of the Himalaya Range. There, it touches upon another Empire, China. In the middle of the border there are some small countries and Tubans, so the two sides began to fight for these border areas, has continued to this day. In the northwest and northeast, the British authorities sought to establish stable borders with China because there was no independent small country to act as a buffer. But at that time, it failed to arrive at one point, which led to the border war between India and China in the middle of twentieth Century.
As Britain pushed the border in the northwest towards the confluence of the Hindu Kush and the Karakoram mountains, the Russian Empire pushed the same place on the other side. After conquering a land, it is necessary to conquer more places. This is the same formula that propelled the two great powers forward. The Russians explained why they pushed forward.
... Russia has come into contact with many semi barbaric tribes. They have become a constant threat to the peace of the Empire. In this case, to maintain order on the Russian border is only to bring the tribe back to justice. But once this is achieved, the Newly Naturalized tribes will be attacked by more distant tribes. Therefore, it is necessary to set up strongholds in remote areas and show that they are subjugate by force.
An Englishman later said, more directly and less self - justification, the strength of the Empire's outward expansion as "a natural impulse for civilized people to convince the unenlightened people on the border." The two increasingly imminent empires were in fact driven by the same expansion ambitions, but the two sides decided that each other's advance was a deliberate threat. St Petersburg and London both expect a head-on collision between the two countries, which determines their border policy.
The British side has set a consistent basic goal, which is to get the Russians as far away from the Indian plains and politically volatile Indian cities as possible. But the strategy they use changes with the attitudes of people responsible for policy-making in London and India, and as these people change their views on how much China can play as a third factor. There were two major border policies at that time. One group is the progressives, who advocate that Britain should move forward and block the Russian threat as far away as possible from the Indian plains. The other is moderates, who point out that attempts to establish borders in remote, very difficult areas are costly and risky, and therefore propose that the limits of the exercise of power in the UK be determined where it is easier to receive. They argue that in order to block the Russians, it is best to use the third forces to separate lions from England. There are several possibilities for this role: Afghanistan is one; sometimes, it seems like a small state like Hunza. However, in general, China, which has been here in the first century before the British and Russian forces have reached the region, is the most suitable for such a role - if the Chinese are competent and can be talked about. But the British later felt that this was just a hard thing to do. Perhaps because China has learned from its dealings with Russia that border treaties are the blades of adjacent empires to slaughter Chinese territory. In short, China has tried to evade many attempts by the UK to establish a common border.